Oh, this old chestnut. I've been drowning in that exact spreadsheet hell for months at a previous agency. The gap is absolutely real, but the explanation is way more boring than "Microsoft hates you" - which is what I wanted it to be, frankly.
The biggest culprit is almost certainly recipient environment. Sending from Google to Gmail gets that nice cosy infrastructure hug. But your Microsoft-contacted list? Chances are those prospects live behind an enterprise gateway like Proofpoint, Mimecap, or some custom security policy that was probably written by someone who still thinks cold email is spam. That's not Microsoft being stricter - it's the entire security stack that happens to sit in front of most M365 tenants. Makes you look like the bad guy no matter what you send from.
Second thing that screams at me: list composition. Are those 1,327 Microsoft contacts pulled from the same data sources and seniority levels as the Google segment? Because if your Microsoft bunch skews toward larger enterprises or that same tired cold email vertical everybody and their dog is hitting, the reply rate difference is probably a targeting and relevance issue, not a deliverability one. Shocker: people ignore crap they've already seen ten times.
On switching to Microsoft sending inboxes to fix it - yeah, mixed results. Sending Microsoft-to-Microsoft can help in some enterprise environments because the sending infrastructure looks legit inside their own ecosystem. But it's not a magic fix if the underlying issue is enterprise gateway filtering or your list being garbage.
What actually moves the needle? Segmenting those Microsoft-heavy recipient lists, then adjusting the sequence cadence - longer gaps between touches, fewer total steps. Switching sending infrastructure is a distraction. Run the same campaign to matched segments controlling for company size and industry. If the gap persists, it's a deliverability problem. If it vanishes, it's a targeting problem. And those two require completely different fixes - one of which involves your data provider, not your ESP.