Oh, I've been there. A few months back, I was cleaning up old pages on a client site and accidentally nuked the title tags on about 200 product pages. Rankings didn't just drop - they went into a black hole for a week.
From that painful experience: yes, you can recover, but it takes patience. google's crawlers need to re-fetch and reprocess those URLs. For us, the recovery started showing after about two full crawl cycles. What helped was manually re-submitting the affected URLs in Search Console and making sure the sitemap was squeaky clean. Also checked that the new titles were actually better than the old ones - not just the same copy pasted back in.
One thing nobody warns you about: if those pages had any decent backlink equity, the temporary loss of a clear title can confuse Google's understanding of the page's topic. So along with restoring titles, I made sure the H1s and body copy reinforced the same keywords. took about three weeks to get back to baseline, then another two to actually improve.
Don't panic. Crawlers are stubborn but they do come around.